“Donnerbüchsen” is an unofficial but well-known term for a type of German passenger coach used during the interwar period and World War II. The name Donnerbüchse literally means “thunder car” or “thunderbox” – a reference to the loud noise these coaches made, especially due to their all-steel construction, which caused a booming, metallic sound during travel.
The Donnerbüchsen coaches were developed by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the 1920s as part of a broader modernization and standardization effort for passenger rolling stock. Before this, many coaches were still made of wood. The new coaches were therefore considered modern and robust, although they later became known for their noisy ride.
Production period: Around 1921–1930
Material: Steel construction (mainly riveted), unlike earlier wooden coaches
Interior: Simple, often 3rd class with bench seating, but combinations of 2nd and 3rd class also existed
Doors: Typically four side entrances, one in each corner of the coach
Bogie configuration: Early versions had two axles; later versions were bogie coaches
Heating and lighting: Steam heating and electric lighting (an improvement over earlier gas lamps)
Noise level: Very high interior noise during travel – hence the name
Donnerbüchsen coaches were widely used throughout Germany and across Europe, both in peacetime and during wartime. During World War II, they were also used for military transport and evacuation trains.
After the war, many of the coaches were taken over and continued in service in both East and West Germany (Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany and Deutsche Bundesbahn in West Germany), and some were converted for service or special use.
Today, many Donnerbüchsen coaches are preserved as part of railway heritage collections. They are often seen in heritage trains across Germany and occasionally in neighboring countries, including Denmark, where a few have been restored and maintained.